Haber, Fritz

Haber, Fritz
(1868–1934)
   German chemist and Nobel laureate, 1918. Haber developed a process for synthesizing ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen by combining them under pressure, using iron as a catalyst. The Haber process, as it was called, was adapted for industrial use, and earned for him the director-ship of the Kaiser Wilhelm Research Institute for chemistry in 1911. Haber’s discovery was invaluable to the German war effort; it is estimated that without it British naval activity would have caused Germany to run out of nitrogen and therefore explosive by 1916, thus bringing World War I to an early conclusion in a German surrender. During World War I, Haber, a chauvinistic German, worked in the field of gas warfare, and directed the first use of chlorine gas on the battlefield, in 1915. Despite the military implications of his ammonia process, it gained Haber the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918. After the war he worked on an unsuccessful scheme to isolate gold from seawater in order to help pay the indemnity imposed on Germany by the Allies. He once more made the Berlin institute a leading centre for physical chemistry, and was elected president of the German Chemical Society. His achievements and prestige did not save him from the attentions of the Nazi regime, despite his denial of the Jewish religion and his demonstrations of German patriotism. He was ordered to dismiss all Jews on his staff; he refused, resigned his post and fled to England. Already in poor health, he died in Switzerland.

Who’s Who in Jewish History after the period of the Old Testament. . 2012.

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  • HABER, FRITZ — (1868–1934), German physical chemist and Nobel laureate. Haber was born in Breslau, the son of a prosperous chemical and dye merchant and an alderman of the city. After a period in industry and business, he went in 1893 to the Technische… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Haber, Fritz — born Dec. 9, 1868, Breslau, Silesia, Prussia died Jan. 29, 1934, Basel, Switz. German physical chemist. After early research in electrochemistry and thermodynamics, he developed, with his brother in law Carl Bosch (1874–1940), the Haber Bosch… …   Universalium

  • Haber, Fritz — (1868 1934)    chemist; awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. Born in Breslau (now Wroclaw), he studied chemistry to better assist his father s dyestuff firm. His aptitude led, however, to a… …   Historical dictionary of Weimar Republik

  • Haber , Fritz — (1868–1934) German physical chemist Haber, the son of a merchant, was born at Breslau, now Wrocław in Poland. He was educated at Berlin, Heidelberg, Charlottenburg, and Jena, and in 1894 he became an assistant in physical chemistry at the… …   Scientists

  • Haber,Fritz — Ha·ber (häʹbər), Fritz. 1868 1934. German chemist. He won a 1918 Nobel Prize for the synthetic production of ammonia. * * * …   Universalium

  • Haber, Fritz — ► (1868 1934) Químico alemán. Fue premio Nobel de Química en 1918, compartido con Bosch, por idear un proceso para la obtención del amoniaco. * * * (9 dic. 1868, Breslau, Silesia, Prusia–29 ene. 1934, Basilea, Suiza). Fisicoquímico alemán.… …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Haber, Fritz — (1868 1934)    German physical chemist. Born in Breslau, he became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Research Institute for Chemistry in 1911. He gained the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 …   Dictionary of Jewish Biography

  • Haber — Fritz …   Scientists

  • Fritz Haber — Fritz Haber, 1918 Fritz Haber (* 9. Dezember 1868 in Breslau; † 29. Januar 1934 in Basel) war ein deutscher Chemiker und Pionier der chemischen Kriegsführung. Haber erhielt 1919 den Nobelpreis für Chemie des Jahres 1918 „für die Synthese von …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Fritz-Haber-Institut — der Max Planck Gesellschaft Eingang Fritz Haber Institut mit Inschrift Kaiser Wilhelm Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie Kategorie: Forschungseinrichtung Träger: Max Planck Gesellschaft Re …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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